Research

Research, guides and practical advice on AI search, GEO and AEO.

• Research · June 3, 2026

  Perplexity, Gemini, Claude: how citation patterns differ by engine

  Compare how ChatGPT, Perplexity, Gemini, and Claude display citations, including source diversity, update cycles, and optimization signals. Includes a comparison table, detailed analysis of each engine, and PION's priorities for optimizing all four simultaneously.

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• Research · May 13, 2026

  5 characteristics of pages that AI cites

  We lay out, by PION's measurement standards, the five structural characteristics of pages that ChatGPT, Perplexity, and Google AI Overviews frequently excerpt into their answer bodies: definition sentence, heading hierarchy, schema, authoritative citation, and layered structure.

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